The Remington 870 saw use with the U.S. military in the Vietnam and post-Vietnam eras. An M870 Riot Gun is shown in use here with a U.S. Navy SEAL. U.S. Navy image.
To learn more, visit https://gunandswordcollector.com/Templates/book%20pages/canfield_combat_2.html.
To purchase a Remington 870 on GunsAmerica.com, click this link: https://www.gunsamerica.com/Search.aspx?T=remington%20870.
Editor’s Note: This piece was written by Bruce N. Canfield, author of the book Complete Guide to U.S. Military Combat Shotguns. If you would like to explore this subject in greater detail, you can obtain a copy of the book from Mowbray Publishing, 54 East School St., Woonsocket, RI 02895. The price is $49.99 plus $4.50 domestic shipping.
The Remington Arms Company had been a supplier of shotguns to the United States military since before the First World War. The Model 10 and Model 31 slide-action shotguns and Model 11 autoloader were part of America’s military small arms during both World Wars. The Model 870 (M870) so familiar to shooters today has also played an important role with the United States military.
The M870 utilized a breechblock that securely locked into a hardened steel barrel extension and featured dual action bars for smoother and more reliable operation. The gun had a conventional side-ejection, bottom-loading design with an under-barrel tubular magazine. The M870 has been in continuous production since 1950 with a wide array of options and configurations.
When the Model 870 was introduced, the United States military was not in the market for new shotguns, thus little interest was shown at that point in the weapon despite its outstanding characteristics. From the time of the M870’s introduction until the mid-1960s, there was no widespread acquisition of these shotguns by the military with the exception of the approximately 38,500 riot guns sent to the South Vietnamese government in the early 1960s. Even when new Savage M77E and Ithaca Model 37 shotguns were being manufactured under government contract for the U.S. military, there was no known large-scale procurement of 870 shotguns from Remington. This situation changed in the late 1960s.
Remington Model 870 Mark 1
In the late 1960s, the U.S. Marine Corps was seeking a new combat shotgun to replace the WWII vintage guns that made up the bulk of its weapons of this type. As stated in The World’s Fighting Shotguns:
Shown here is the the 870 Mark 1 with an M7 bayonet attached. Note the extended magazine tube and bayonet adapter. Images courtesy of the author.
“What the Marine Corps wanted was an advanced fighting shotgun capable of effectively filling all those military roles in which shotguns proved to be desirable.”
In 1969, a special version of the Model 870 was developed for the U.S. Marine Corps that was standardized in the Spring of 1969 as the “Model 870, Mark 1.” Remington received a production contract for a total of 3,230 M870 Mark 1 shotguns on May 13, 1969.
The Mark 1 was essentially a standard Remington M870 “Wingmaster” slide-action shotgun with a 21-inch barrel fitted with a bayonet adapter (for the M7 bayonet as used with the M16 rifle), rifle sights, an extended magazine tube with an eight-round capacity (seven in the magazine and one in the chamber) and sling swivels. The Mark 1 had a parkerized finish (termed “Parco Lubrite” in the government contract) and an oil-finished stock with beavertail fore-end. The Mark 1 was unmistakably a military combat shotgun with a functional, serious, “no-nonsense” appearance. As stated in The World’s Fighting Shotguns:
“The Model 870 Mark 1…complete with all its accessories, appeared very striking and businesslike. When the bayonet was attached, it appeared very fierce, indeed, and would instantly capture the attention of anyone facing it. Marines familiar with the gun often referred to it as a beautiful weapon. From the point of view of a fighting man it was beautiful.”
The United States Marine Corps adopted the Mark 1 variant of the tried-and-true Model 870 Remington.
Prototypes of the weapon had a sheet metal ventilated handguard, but the production version dispensed with this feature. The utilization of the M7 bayonet was the first instance where a bayonet other than the Model 1917 rifle bayonet was standardized for a U.S. military shotgun. The fact that the M7 bayonet was in production and large numbers were “in the system” for issue with the M16 rifle simplified logistics. The M7 bayonet was also unquestionably handier and less unwieldy than the M1917 bayonet. The use of rifle sights on the Mark 1 was an unusual feature for a military shotgun but had the advantage of permitting better accuracy when firing slugs. Any advantage of rifle sights when firing buckshot or similar ammunition was probably more theoretical than real. In any event, with the bayonet adapter, extended magazine and rifle sights, the M870 Mark 1 was an impressive combat weapon.
Delivery of the Mark 1 to the Marines was scheduled for September 1969. Although few of these weapons were likely used to any large extent in combat during the Vietnam War, they were immediately popular with the Marines.
The U.S. military also employed the Riot Gun variant of the Remington Model 870, where it saw use in Vietnam and beyond. U.S. military image.
The first significant combat use of the Mark 1 shotgun was reported to have occurred in May 1975 during the Mayaguez crisis when an American ship was captured in international waters by hostile Cambodian forces. U.S. Marines eventually recaptured the ship and participated in combat operations against the Cambodian perpetrators on a nearby island. The M870 Mark 1 reportedly played a large role in these engagements, and the weapon quickly gained a reputation as a reliable and effective combat shotgun. A few Mark 1 shotguns were later fitted with Remington folding metal stocks, but most retained the standard wood stock.
The Mark 1 remained an important part of the U.S. Marine Corps’ small arms inventory into the first decade of the 21st century and saw combat use in numerous operations around the globe, including the Persian Gulf. None are known to have been released for public sale, and genuine examples are very rarely seen on the collector market.
M870 Military Riot Gun
In addition to the special Mark 1 variant, a number of Model 870 shotguns were procured by all branches of the service, especially the United States Navy. Most of these were standard M870 plain barrel riot (typically 18-inch to 20-inch barrels). Most such guns purchased by the government had factory parkerized finishes, but a surprising number had standard commercial blued finishes. Most of these guns were purchased in the early to mid-1970s, several years after the Mark 1 contract was completed.
Some M870 Riot Guns employed by the U.S. military featured extended magazine tubes and bayonet adapters, as with this example.
Some of the Model 870 riot guns were fitted with sling swivels, and an extended magazine tube/ bayonet adapter kit that was developed by Remington. Such guns resembled the USMC contract Mark 1 but had shorter barrels and were not fitted with rifle sights. Remington made both parkerized and blued extended magazine/bayonet adapter kits that were also sold to the law enforcement and civilian arms markets. Conversion of existing riot guns was accomplished by simply screwing on the magazine tube extension and clamping on the bayonet adapter, which was secured by three screws. It is reported that the U.S. Air Force as well as the U.S. Navy utilized these conversion kits on some of their M870 riot guns.
Model 870 riot guns were popular with U.S. Navy “SEALS” as well as a number of other units. After Vietnam, the weapons were used for various duties, including the protection of American embassies around the world. Some of these shotguns were also fitted with folding stocks and a few had their barrels cut back to as short as 14 inches to make them handier for use in confined spaces such as embassy guard houses and the arms racks of Navy warships (including submarines). Some Model 870 shotguns are still in use today by the U.S. military.
Although the weapons only saw limited action in Vietnam, the Remington Mark 1 and M870 riot guns were among the best of the U.S. combat shotguns of the era.
Editor’s Note: This piece was written by Bruce N. Canfield, author of the book Complete Guide to U.S. Military Combat Shotguns. If you would like to explore this subject in greater detail, you can obtain a copy of the book from Mowbray Publishing, 54 East School St., Woonsocket, RI 02895. The price is $49.99 plus $4.50 domestic shipping.
To learn more, visit https://gunandswordcollector.com/Templates/book%20pages/canfield_combat_2.html.
To purchase a Remington 870 on GunsAmerica.com, click this link: https://www.gunsamerica.com/Search.aspx?T=remington%20870.